These primitive sex cords continue to form the rete testis in males and are replaced by vascular stroma of the ovarian medulla in females.īoth sexes are equipped with two paired tubular structures known as the paramesonephric (Müllerian) duct and the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct. They continue to form primitive sex cords, making it impossible to distinguish between male gonads and female gonads at this developmental level. The arrival of these cells has been credited with the induction of gonadal differentiation.Īdditionally, as the primordial germ cells enter the gonadal ridge, the mesenchyme deep to the ridge is penetrated by the ridge’s proliferating epithelium. This structure, the genital ridge, is infiltrated by primordial germ cells around the sixth gestational week. Furthermore, even though the end results appear structurally different, there are a lot of similarities between males and females embryologically.īoth ovaries and testes begin as epithelial proliferation and mesenchymal condensation along the caudal segment of the future posterior abdominal wall (anteromedial to the mesonephros). Although the genotypic sex of the individual is determined at the time of fertilization (46 XX or XY), phenotypic expression of sexual dimorphism in humans is subject to a myriad of genetic pathways.
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